{"source":"Four Pillars Asia Digital Asset Policy Center","source_url":"https://policy.4pillars.io","license":"Free to reuse with attribution. Credit \"Four Pillars Asia Digital Asset Policy Center\" and link to the page you cite (every record carries its own `url`). Primary sources remain the property of their issuers.","terms_url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/developers#attribution","data":{"id":"TR","slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","region":"Middle East","region_slug":"middle-east","status":"covered","status_label":"Full dossier","headline":"A huge retail crypto market moves into licensing: 43 platforms await CMB permits while 56 others wind down, and crypto payments stay banned.","financial_centre":"Istanbul","snapshot":{"exchanges":{"name":"Exchange licensing","level":"partial","label":"Partial","rank":3,"note":"Law 7518 puts platforms under the CMB; 43 operate on a transitional list, none fully authorised yet"},"stablecoins":{"name":"Stablecoin regime","level":"restricted","label":"Restricted","rank":1,"note":"No issuance regime; crypto payments banned since 2021; stablecoin withdrawals capped at $3,000 a day"},"tokenization":{"name":"Tokenisation & RWA","level":"developing","label":"Developing","rank":2,"note":"No token offering regime yet; CBRT digital lira tests include 15 tokenisation projects"},"retail":{"name":"Retail access","level":"partial","label":"Partial","rank":3,"note":"Retail trades on platforms on the CMB transitional list, subject to MASAK holds and transfer limits"},"tax":{"name":"Tax clarity","level":"developing","label":"Developing","rank":2,"note":"No crypto-specific tax; a 0.03% transaction tax and 10% withholding were dropped in March 2026"}},"counts":{"sources":19,"licences":2,"regulators":4},"last_reviewed":"2026-10-05","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey","api_url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/api/v1/markets/turkey","story":["Turkey's crypto boom grew out of high inflation and a weak lira, and for years regulation meant bans and AML rules rather than licences. In April 2021 the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) banned crypto as a means of payment and barred payment and e-money firms from routing money to crypto platforms; days later the Thodex exchange collapsed. Within weeks the platforms themselves became obliged parties under the MASAK anti-money laundering rules.","The turning point was Law No. 7518, in force on 2 July 2024, which amended the Capital Markets Law and placed crypto asset service providers under the Capital Markets Board (CMB, known locally as SPK). Existing firms had one month to declare that they would apply for a licence or wind down. The CMB issued its two core communiqués on 13 March 2025, and TÜBİTAK, the state research agency, published the security standards that every platform's IT systems must meet.","Implementation has been slow and strict. The CMB's transitional list of 1 October 2026 named 43 trading platforms and 9 custody applicants, while 56 firms were on its liquidation list. No custodian was authorised by March 2026, so the CMB put off both the custody contract deadline and the authorisation deadline until authorised custodians are widely serving platforms. The first custody operating permits went to Akbank, Garanti BBVA and Yapı Kredi in June 2026, but no trading platform had an operating permit by early October 2026, and in September 2026 the CMB barred Bitexen from taking new customers or listing new tokens. MASAK added travel rule duties in February 2025 and, from June 2025, 48 to 72 hour withdrawal holds and a $3,000 daily cap on stablecoin withdrawals.","For builders, Turkey is a large market that is costly to enter. A platform needs TRY 250 million in capital in 2026, TÜBİTAK-compliant systems, client assets held with an authorised custodian, and full MASAK compliance, and foreign exchanges serving Turks without a licence get blocked. Crypto tax is still unsettled: a 0.03% transaction tax and 10% withholding on gains were dropped from a bill in March 2026."],"watch":["The first full operating permits for trading platforms, now that authorised custodians exist, and the new CMB deadlines for custody contracts and authorisation; new entrants such as Yapı Kredi, Fiba, Goldtag and Ahlatcı hold only establishment permits so far.","Whether the government brings back a crypto tax after the March 2026 withdrawal of the 0.03% transaction tax and 10% withholding proposals.","Further consolidation as firms move from the CMB's transitional list to its liquidation list, and continued blocking of unlicensed foreign sites.","CBRT development and sandbox testing of 23 digital Turkish lira projects, many of them on tokenisation and programmable payments."],"key_numbers":[{"value":"43","label":"Trading platforms on the CMB's transitional operating list","as_of":"2026-10-01"},{"value":"56","label":"Crypto firms on the CMB's liquidation list","as_of":"2026-09-21"},{"value":"TRY 250m","label":"Minimum capital for a crypto trading platform in 2026 (custodians: TRY 630m)","as_of":"2025-12-31"},{"value":"$3,000","label":"Daily cap on stablecoin withdrawals from Turkish platforms","as_of":"2025-06-28"}],"jurisdictions":null,"regulators":[{"id":"tr-cmb","abbr":"CMB","name":"Capital Markets Board of Türkiye (Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu, SPK)","role":"Licenses and supervises crypto asset trading platforms and custodians under the Capital Markets Law as amended by Law 7518.","remit":"Turkey's capital markets regulator under the Capital Markets Law No. 6362: it oversees securities issuance, listed companies, investment firms, funds and exchanges.","crypto":"Since Law No. 7518 took effect on 2 July 2024 it licenses crypto trading platforms and custodians under its March 2025 communiqués. It granted the first custody permits in June 2026; by October 2026 43 platforms sat on its transitional list and 56 firms on its liquidation list.","licences":["Crypto asset trading platform (Kripto Varlık Alım Satım Platformu) operating permit","Crypto asset custodian (Kripto Varlık Saklama Kuruluşu) operating permit"],"jurisdiction":null,"source_url":"https://spk.gov.tr/kurumlar/kripto-varlik-hizmet-saglayicilar","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey#regulators","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-cbrt","abbr":"CBRT","name":"Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye","role":"Bans crypto as a means of payment, supervises payment and e-money firms and runs the digital Turkish lira project.","remit":"Turkey's central bank, whose main goal is price stability: it sets monetary policy, issues the lira and regulates payment systems, payment institutions and e-money firms.","crypto":"Its regulation in force since 30 April 2021 bans using crypto to pay for goods and services and bars payment and e-money firms from routing funds to crypto platforms. It is building a digital Turkish lira, moving 23 projects into sandbox testing in August 2026.","licences":[],"jurisdiction":null,"source_url":"https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey#regulators","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-masak","abbr":"MASAK","name":"Financial Crimes Investigation Board","role":"Turkey's financial intelligence unit; sets AML/CFT duties, the travel rule and withdrawal limits for crypto service providers.","remit":"Turkey's financial intelligence unit, part of the Ministry of Treasury and Finance. It sets AML/CFT rules, receives suspicious transaction reports and investigates financial crime.","crypto":"Crypto providers have been MASAK obliged parties since May 2021. It added travel rule duties from 25 February 2025 and, from June 2025, 48 to 72 hour withdrawal holds and caps on stablecoin withdrawals of $3,000 a day and $50,000 a month.","licences":[],"jurisdiction":null,"source_url":"https://masak.hmb.gov.tr/","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey#regulators","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-t-bi-tak","abbr":"TÜBİTAK","name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (BİLGEM)","role":"Sets and audits the information systems and technology criteria that crypto service providers must meet.","remit":"Turkey's state research agency, which funds and carries out scientific and technology research; its BİLGEM institute works on information security and blockchain.","crypto":"Published the information systems and technology criteria for crypto service providers in May 2025, covering wallet security, key management, governance and business continuity. Platforms and custodians need systems certified against them to obtain CMB permits.","licences":[],"jurisdiction":null,"source_url":"https://blokzincir.bilgem.tubitak.gov.tr/en/information-systems-and-technological-infrastructure-criteria-for-crypto-asset-service-providers-published/","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey#regulators","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}}],"licences":[{"id":"tr-crypto-asset-trading-platform-kripto-varl-k-al-m-sat-m-platformu-operating-permit","name":"Crypto asset trading platform (Kripto Varlık Alım Satım Platformu) operating permit","regulator":{"abbr":"CMB","name":"Capital Markets Board of Türkiye (Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu, SPK)","url":"https://spk.gov.tr/kurumlar/kripto-varlik-hizmet-saglayicilar"},"law":"Capital Markets Law No. 6362 Art. 35/B (as amended by Law 7518); Communiqués III-35/B.1 and III-35/B.2","covers":"Buying, selling, initial sale or distribution, exchange and transfer of crypto assets for clients; 43 platforms operate on the transitional list pending authorisation.","requirements":["Two stages: an establishment permit, then an operating permit within six months (up to one year with extension)","Joint stock company with registered shares, solely in crypto services, with minimum capital of TRY 250 million in 2026","Information systems certified against TÜBİTAK criteria, plus independent and proof-of-reserves audits","Client crypto assets held with a CMB-authorised custodian under a signed custody contract","Full MASAK AML/CFT compliance, including travel rule data and withdrawal holds"],"holders":null,"holders_as_of":null,"notable_holders":[],"register_url":"https://spk.gov.tr/kurumlar/kripto-varlik-hizmet-saglayicilar/faaliyette-bulunanlar-listesi","jurisdiction":null,"url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/licences#lic-1","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-crypto-asset-custodian-kripto-varl-k-saklama-kurulu-u-operating-permit","name":"Crypto asset custodian (Kripto Varlık Saklama Kuruluşu) operating permit","regulator":{"abbr":"CMB","name":"Capital Markets Board of Türkiye (Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu, SPK)","url":"https://spk.gov.tr/kurumlar/kripto-varlik-hizmet-saglayicilar"},"law":"Capital Markets Law No. 6362 Art. 35/B (as amended by Law 7518); Communiqués III-35/B.1 and III-35/B.2","covers":"Safekeeping of clients' crypto assets and the private keys that control them, on behalf of trading platforms and their clients.","requirements":["Banks or dedicated custody companies meeting CMB fitness and organisation rules","Minimum capital of TRY 630 million in 2026, plus 1.5% additional equity once client assets exceed TRY 1.25 billion","Segregated client assets and cold and hot wallet controls under TÜBİTAK criteria","Independent audit and MASAK AML/CFT compliance"],"holders":3,"holders_as_of":"2026-10-03","notable_holders":["Akbank","Türkiye Garanti Bankası (Garanti BBVA)","Yapı ve Kredi Bankası"],"register_url":"https://spk.gov.tr/kurumlar/kripto-varlik-hizmet-saglayicilar","jurisdiction":null,"url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/licences#lic-2","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}}],"milestones":[{"date":"2021-04-16","date_precision":"day","title":"Central Bank bans crypto payments","detail":"The regulation, in force from 30 April 2021, barred using crypto to pay and stopped payment firms routing funds to crypto platforms."},{"date":"2021-05-01","date_precision":"day","title":"Crypto platforms become MASAK obliged parties","detail":"A presidential decision brought crypto asset service providers under Turkey's AML/CFT measures."},{"date":"2024-07-02","date_precision":"day","title":"Law No. 7518 takes effect","detail":"It amended the Capital Markets Law and made crypto asset service providers subject to CMB licensing and supervision."},{"date":"2024-08-02","date_precision":"day","title":"Deadline for existing crypto firms to declare","detail":"Firms had to tell the CMB they would seek a licence or wind down, with liquidation decisions due by 2 October 2024."},{"date":"2025-02-25","date_precision":"day","title":"MASAK travel rule takes effect","detail":"Rules published on 25 December 2024 require originator and beneficiary data on crypto transfers."},{"date":"2025-03-13","date_precision":"day","title":"CMB issues its crypto communiqués","detail":"III-35/B.1 and III-35/B.2 set out licensing, governance, custody, listing and capital rules."},{"date":"2025-05-08","date_precision":"day","title":"TÜBİTAK publishes IT security criteria","detail":"The criteria cover wallet security, key management, information security and business continuity for crypto firms."},{"date":"2025-06-28","date_precision":"day","title":"MASAK adds withdrawal holds and stablecoin limits","detail":"General Communiqué No. 29 set 48 to 72 hour holds and $3,000 daily and $50,000 monthly caps on stablecoin withdrawals."},{"date":"2026-03-01","date_precision":"month","title":"Crypto tax provisions withdrawn","detail":"A 0.03% transaction tax and 10% withholding on platform gains were removed from an omnibus bill in parliament, which became Law No. 7577 on 17 April 2026 without them."},{"date":"2026-03-26","date_precision":"day","title":"CMB extends crypto authorisation deadlines","detail":"No authorised custodian yet existed, so the deadlines for platforms to sign custody contracts and for listed firms to obtain authorisation will be set only once authorised custodians are widely serving platforms."},{"date":"2026-06-04","date_precision":"day","title":"First crypto custody permits granted","detail":"Akbank, Garanti BBVA and Yapı Kredi received CMB operating permits as crypto asset custodians."},{"date":"2026-08-03","date_precision":"day","title":"CBRT selects 23 digital lira projects","detail":"Projects from 12 banks and 6 payment firms moved to development and sandbox testing."}],"sources":[{"id":"tr-1b35d898","title":"Law No. 7518 Amending the Capital Markets Law","local_title":"7518 sayılı Sermaye Piyasası Kanununda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun","issuer":"Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (Official Gazette No. 32590)","date":"2024-07-02","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"framework","category_label":"Core framework","topic_slug":"asset-classification","summary":"Defines crypto assets and crypto asset service providers, requires CMB authorisation for trading platforms and custodians, and adds criminal penalties for unlicensed activity. Published and in force on 2 July 2024.","source_url":"https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2024/07/20240702-1.htm","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-5472decc","title":"Announcement on Crypto Asset Service Providers","local_title":"Kripto Varlık Hizmet Sağlayıcılara İlişkin Duyuru","issuer":"Capital Markets Board (CMB/SPK)","date":"2024-07-02","date_precision":"day","status":"guidance","status_label":"Guidance","category":"exchanges","category_label":"Exchanges & custody","topic_slug":"exchanges-brokerage","summary":"Explains the transition: existing firms had until 2 August 2024 to declare they would seek a licence or wind down, with liquidation decisions due by 2 October 2024.","source_url":"https://spk.gov.tr/duyurular/basin-duyurulari/2024/kripto-varlik-hizmet-saglayicilara-iliskin-duyuru_02072024","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-b774d96b","title":"Communiqué on the Principles of Establishment and Operation of Crypto Asset Service Providers (III-35/B.1)","local_title":"Kripto Varlık Hizmet Sağlayıcıların Kuruluş ve Faaliyet Esasları Hakkında Tebliğ (III-35/B.1)","issuer":"Capital Markets Board (CMB/SPK), Official Gazette No. 32840","date":"2025-03-13","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"exchanges","category_label":"Exchanges & custody","topic_slug":"exchanges-brokerage","summary":"Sets the two-stage licensing process (establishment then operating permit), ownership and management rules, internal controls, IT systems, independent audit and proof-of-reserves audits.","source_url":"https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/03/20250313-5.htm","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-d9c2ed3f","title":"Communiqué on the Working Procedures and Principles and Capital Adequacy of Crypto Asset Service Providers (III-35/B.2)","local_title":"Kripto Varlık Hizmet Sağlayıcıların Çalışma Usul ve Esasları ile Sermaye Yeterliliği Hakkında Tebliğ (III-35/B.2)","issuer":"Capital Markets Board (CMB/SPK), Official Gazette No. 32840","date":"2025-03-13","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"exchanges","category_label":"Exchanges & custody","topic_slug":"exchanges-brokerage","summary":"Governs permitted services, trading venues, custody and transfers, token listing, and minimum capital for platforms and custodians.","source_url":"https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/03/20250313-6.htm","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-f5a03ad4","title":"Crypto Asset Service Providers: Operating List (provisional)","local_title":"Faaliyette Bulunanlar Listesi (Geçici Liste)","issuer":"Capital Markets Board (CMB/SPK)","date":"2026-10-01","date_precision":"day","status":"guidance","status_label":"Guidance","category":"exchanges","category_label":"Exchanges & custody","topic_slug":"exchanges-brokerage","summary":"The public list of 52 firms (43 platforms and 9 custody applicants) that declared they will operate under transitional Article 11; being listed does not mean a firm is authorised. It notes the CMB's 23 September 2026 decision barring Bitexen from new customers and new listings.","source_url":"https://spk.gov.tr/kurumlar/kripto-varlik-hizmet-saglayicilar/faaliyette-bulunanlar-listesi","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-06d8cbbf","title":"Crypto Asset Service Providers: Liquidation List (provisional)","local_title":"Tasfiye Sürecinde Olanlar Listesi (Geçici Liste)","issuer":"Capital Markets Board (CMB/SPK)","date":"2026-09-21","date_precision":"day","status":"guidance","status_label":"Guidance","category":"consumer","category_label":"Investor protection","topic_slug":"investor-protection","summary":"Lists the 56 firms that will not continue crypto services in Turkey and are winding down, so customers can check whether to withdraw assets.","source_url":"https://spk.gov.tr/kurumlar/kripto-varlik-hizmet-saglayicilar/tasfiye-surecinde-olanlar-listesi","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-1d4e8c19","title":"CMB Bulletin 2026/34: Authorisation of Crypto Asset Service Providers","local_title":"SPK Bülteni 2026/34","issuer":"Capital Markets Board (CMB/SPK)","date":"2026-06-04","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"exchanges","category_label":"Exchanges & custody","topic_slug":"exchanges-brokerage","summary":"Grants the first crypto asset custodian operating permits, to Akbank, Türkiye Garanti Bankası and Yapı ve Kredi Bankası, and establishment permits for two new platforms, Fiba and Goldtag.","source_url":"https://spk.gov.tr/data/6a21eb938f95db12a4589b32/2026-34.pdf","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-db010d27","title":"CMB Bulletin 2026/18: Extension of crypto asset service provider deadlines","local_title":"SPK Bülteni 2026/18","issuer":"Capital Markets Board (CMB/SPK)","date":"2026-03-26","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"exchanges","category_label":"Exchanges & custody","topic_slug":"exchanges-brokerage","summary":"Extends two deadlines under III-35/B.1: for platforms to sign custody contracts and file them with the CMB, and for listed firms to obtain authorisation. Both will be set once CMB-authorised custodians are widely serving platforms. It also grants Yapı Kredi an establishment permit for a new platform.","source_url":"https://spk.gov.tr/data/69c595a68f95db1e4440bc26/2026-18.pdf","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-7e29bc82","title":"CMB Bulletin 2026/59: Establishment permit for a new crypto platform","local_title":"SPK Bülteni 2026/59","issuer":"Capital Markets Board (CMB/SPK)","date":"2026-09-16","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"exchanges","category_label":"Exchanges & custody","topic_slug":"exchanges-brokerage","summary":"Approves AHL Gold E-Ticaret's application to establish Ahlatcı Kripto Varlık Alım Satım Platformu, the latest new entrant to receive an establishment (not operating) permit.","source_url":"https://spk.gov.tr/data/6aab0e898f95db07100fd7a0/2026-59.pdf","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-4efa2231","title":"Communiqué Amending the Communiqué on Remote Identification Methods for Brokers, Portfolio Managers and Crypto Asset Service Providers (III-42.1.b)","local_title":"Aracı Kurumlar, Portföy Yönetim Şirketleri ve Kripto Varlık Hizmet Sağlayıcılar Tarafından Kullanılacak Uzaktan Kimlik Tespiti Yöntemlerine ve Elektronik Ortamda Sözleşme İlişkisinin Kurulmasına İlişkin Tebliğ (III-42.1)'de Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Tebliğ (III-42.1.b)","issuer":"Capital Markets Board (CMB/SPK), Official Gazette No. 33359","date":"2026-09-03","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"aml","category_label":"AML & travel rule","topic_slug":"aml-travel-rule","summary":"Lets crypto asset service providers, brokers and portfolio managers onboard non-Turkish nationals remotely with NFC-enabled passports and onboard companies through their authorised representatives. Address checks are required within three months, and no money or crypto may be transferred until the address is confirmed. In force on publication.","source_url":"https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2026/09/20260903-3.htm","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-49c753a4","title":"CMB Bulletin 2025/68: Amounts updated for 2026","local_title":"SPK Bülteni 2025/68","issuer":"Capital Markets Board (CMB/SPK)","date":"2025-12-31","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"exchanges","category_label":"Exchanges & custody","topic_slug":"exchanges-brokerage","summary":"Revalues monetary thresholds for 2026, raising minimum capital to TRY 250 million for crypto trading platforms and TRY 630 million for crypto custodians.","source_url":"https://spk.gov.tr/data/695546ca8f95db281807a9c3/2025-68.pdf","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-1ebf9ee2","title":"Information Systems and Technological Infrastructure Criteria for Crypto Asset Service Providers","local_title":null,"issuer":"TÜBİTAK BİLGEM","date":"2025-05-08","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"exchanges","category_label":"Exchanges & custody","topic_slug":"exchanges-brokerage","summary":"Announces the mandatory technical controls for crypto firms under the Capital Markets Law, covering hot and cold wallet security, key management, governance and business continuity.","source_url":"https://blokzincir.bilgem.tubitak.gov.tr/en/information-systems-and-technological-infrastructure-criteria-for-crypto-asset-service-providers-published/","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-1265f2b9","title":"Regulation on the Disuse of Crypto Assets in Payments","local_title":"Ödemelerde Kripto Varlıkların Kullanılmamasına Dair Yönetmelik","issuer":"Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT), Official Gazette No. 31456","date":"2021-04-16","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"banking","category_label":"Banks & prudential","topic_slug":"bank-capital","summary":"Bans the direct or indirect use of crypto assets to pay for goods and services and bars payment and e-money institutions from routing funds to crypto platforms. In force 30 April 2021.","source_url":"https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/04/20210416-4.htm","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-5dc5c218","title":"Press Release on Payments (2021-17)","local_title":"Ödemeler Alanına İlişkin Basın Duyurusu (2021-17)","issuer":"Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT)","date":"2021-04-16","date_precision":"day","status":"guidance","status_label":"Guidance","category":"consumer","category_label":"Investor protection","topic_slug":"investor-protection","summary":"Explains the payments ban, citing crypto's volatility, anonymity, irreversible transactions and lack of supervision as risks to users.","source_url":"https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/tr/tcmb+tr/main+menu/duyurular/basin/2021/duy2021-17","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-e6915aa2","title":"Presidential Decision No. 3941 amending the Regulation on Measures Regarding Prevention of Laundering Proceeds of Crime and Financing of Terrorism","local_title":"Suç Gelirlerinin Aklanmasının ve Terörün Finansmanının Önlenmesine Dair Tedbirler Hakkında Yönetmelikte Değişiklik","issuer":"Presidency of Türkiye (Official Gazette No. 31471)","date":"2021-05-01","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"aml","category_label":"AML & travel rule","topic_slug":"aml-travel-rule","summary":"Adds crypto asset service providers to the list of obliged parties under Turkey's AML/CFT measures, subject to MASAK supervision.","source_url":"https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/05/20210501-5.pdf","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-5fe63de6","title":"Amendment to the Regulation on Measures Regarding Prevention of Laundering Proceeds of Crime and Financing of Terrorism (travel rule)","local_title":"Suç Gelirlerinin Aklanmasının ve Terörün Finansmanının Önlenmesine Dair Tedbirler Hakkında Yönetmelikte Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik","issuer":"Presidency of Türkiye / MASAK (Official Gazette No. 32763)","date":"2024-12-25","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"aml","category_label":"AML & travel rule","topic_slug":"aml-travel-rule","summary":"Adds Article 24/A, requiring crypto service providers to collect and pass on originator and beneficiary information for crypto transfers. Published 25 December 2024, in force 25 February 2025.","source_url":"https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2024/12/20241225-1.pdf","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-f0ba3c00","title":"MASAK General Communiqué No. 29","local_title":"Mali Suçları Araştırma Kurulu Genel Tebliği (Sıra No: 29)","issuer":"Ministry of Treasury and Finance / MASAK (Official Gazette No. 32940)","date":"2025-06-28","date_precision":"day","status":"in-force","status_label":"In force","category":"aml","category_label":"AML & travel rule","topic_slug":"aml-travel-rule","summary":"Imposes enhanced customer due diligence on crypto firms, 48-hour holds on withdrawals (72 hours for a first withdrawal) and caps stablecoin withdrawals at $3,000 a day and $50,000 a month.","source_url":"https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/06/20250628-4.htm","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-3f5d03d1","title":"Bill including economic provisions submitted to the Grand National Assembly (crypto asset transaction tax)","local_title":"Ekonomiye İlişkin Düzenlemeleri de İçeren Kanun Teklifi TBMM'de","issuer":"Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (TBMM)","date":"2026-03-02","date_precision":"day","status":"superseded","status_label":"Superseded","category":"tax","category_label":"Tax","topic_slug":"tax","summary":"Describes the proposed 0.03% crypto asset transaction tax and income tax on crypto gains. Parliament withdrew the crypto tax articles in late March 2026, and the bill was enacted as Law No. 7577 (Official Gazette No. 33227, 17 April 2026) without them, so no crypto-specific tax is in force.","source_url":"https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Haber/Detay?Id=38d60366-e785-48a8-b5f6-019cae7aa2c1","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}},{"id":"tr-3bbbfddc","title":"Press Release on the Results of the Call for Participation in the Digital Turkish Lira Project Ecosystem (2026-33)","local_title":"Dijital Türk Lirası Projesi Ekosistemine Katılım Çağrısı Başvuru Sonuçlarına İlişkin Basın Duyurusu","issuer":"Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT)","date":"2026-08-03","date_precision":"day","status":"guidance","status_label":"Guidance","category":"cbdc","category_label":"CBDC & tokenised money","topic_slug":"cbdc","summary":"Moves 23 projects from 12 banks and 6 payment firms into development and sandbox testing of the digital lira, including 15 tokenisation and 17 programmable payment use cases.","source_url":"https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Duyurular/Basin/2026/DUY2026-33","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey/regulation","market":{"slug":"turkey","iso_code":"TR","name":"Turkey","url":"https://policy.4pillars.io/turkey"}}]}}