Four PillarsFour PillarsAsia Digital Asset Policy Center

Topics · Domains · Onchain capital markets

Derivatives and leverage.

Derivatives are where retail losses concentrate, so most Asian regulators either ban crypto derivatives for retail or cap leverage tightly.

Institutional access is opening: several exchanges now list regulated crypto futures, and perpetuals are reaching traditional venues.

By market · 24 sources across 13 markets

East Asia

  • Hong Kong1 source
    • A high-level framework for virtual asset perpetual contractsGuidanceSecurities and Futures Commission (SFC) · 11 Feb 2026

      Allows licensed platforms to offer perpetual contracts to professional investors only, under leverage, margin and risk controls.

      Read the original
    Hong Kong's full rulebook
  • Japan2 sources
    • Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (Act No. 25 of 1948)In forceNational Diet (current text on e-Gov Law Search) · 1 May 2020

      Japan's securities law, which already covers security tokens and crypto derivatives and will house spot crypto regulation once the 2026 amendment takes effect.

      Read the original
    • 2019 amendments to the Payment Services Act and FIEA (crypto-assets and security tokens)In forceFinancial Services Agency (FSA) · 31 May 2019

      Introduced electronically recorded transferable rights, the legal basis for security tokens, and moved crypto derivatives into the FIEA. In force since 1 May 2020.

      Read the original
    Japan's full rulebook
  • South Korea3 sources
    • Virtual Asset Basic Act (bill no. 2218219)BillNational Assembly of the Republic of Korea · 9 Apr 2026

      A People Power Party basic law: FSC authorisation for stablecoin issuers, advance notice for other token issuances, FSC approval for exchanges to offer derivatives, services for professional investors and bans on insider trading and manipulation.

      Read the original
    • Act on Digital Asset Markets and Industry (bill no. 2214492)BillNational Assembly of the Republic of Korea · 24 Nov 2025

      Would replace the User Protection Act with a comprehensive law that treats professional and general users differently, add stablecoin issuance and reserve rules, and amend the Capital Markets Act to allow crypto ETFs and derivatives.

      Read the original
    • Capital Markets Act amendment to allow spot crypto ETFs (bill no. 2211117)BillNational Assembly of the Republic of Korea · 27 Jun 2025

      Would let crypto assets designated by the FSC serve as the underlying asset of funds and derivatives, with trust companies holding them through qualified custodians: the legal route to spot bitcoin ETFs.

      Read the original
    South Korea's full rulebook

Southeast Asia

  • Indonesia3 sources
    • OJK Board Member Regulation (PADK) No. 3 of 2026 on the Implementation of Trading in Digital Financial Assets Including Crypto AssetsIn forceOtoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) · 1 Sep 2026

      Issued 30 June 2026 and effective 1 September 2026, following POJK 23/2025. Sets how platforms report asset list evaluations, monthly, quarterly, annual and incidental reports, and how clearing houses notify derivatives clearing. It revokes SEOJK 20/2024, with a few provisions running until 1 January 2027.

      Read the original
    • OJK Regulation No. 23 of 2025 amending POJK 27/2024In forceOtoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) · 31 Oct 2025

      Adopted 31 October 2025 and in force from 10 November 2025. Brings digital asset derivatives under OJK licensing and moves customer funds into segregated accounts held in the clearing house's name at OJK-licensed commercial banks, with 12 months (extendable) to adjust.

      Read the original
    • Bappebti Regulation No. 8 of 2021 on Guidelines for Physical Crypto Asset Market Trading on Futures ExchangesSupersededBadan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi (Bappebti) · 29 Oct 2021

      The commodity-era rulebook that created the bourse, clearing, custodian and trader structure OJK inherited. Superseded when supervision moved to OJK in January 2025.

      Read the original
    Indonesia's full rulebook
  • Malaysia1 source
    • Practice Note 1/2026: Offering of Broking Services for Digital AssetsIn forceSecurities Commission Malaysia (SC) · 30 Jan 2026

      Lets stockbrokers holding a Capital Markets Services Licence offer digital asset broking after notifying the SC. It requires cash-upfront trades, no margin and full segregation of client assets.

      Read the original
    Malaysia's full rulebook
  • Singapore2 sources
    • Guide on the Tokenisation of Capital Markets ProductsGuidanceMonetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) · 14 Nov 2025

      Explains when a token is a capital markets product under the Securities and Futures Act and how prospectus and licensing rules apply to issuers and platforms.

      Read the original
    • MAS Strengthens Regulatory Measures for Digital Payment Token ServicesGuidanceMonetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) · 23 Nov 2023

      Final retail access measures: risk-awareness assessments, no trading incentives, no financing or leverage, and no locally issued credit card payments.

      Read the original
    Singapore's full rulebook
  • Thailand3 sources
    • SEC supports amendments to four capital market laws to strengthen supervision of the Thai capital marketBillSecurities and Exchange Commission, Thailand (SEC) · 23 Sep 2026

      The House of Representatives accepted in principle on 23 September 2026 a draft Act amending the Emergency Decree on Digital Asset Businesses, with Securities, Derivatives and Trust Act amendments approved by the Cabinet on 25 August. An extraordinary committee is now reviewing them before the Senate.

      Read the original
    • SEC seeks public comments on proposed amendments to regulations on intermediaries' facilitation of clients' investment in digital asset derivatives overseasConsultationSecurities and Exchange Commission, Thailand (SEC) · 31 Aug 2026

      Would let intermediaries offer retail and wealthy clients overseas crypto derivatives that match Thai contract terms and trade on centrally cleared exchanges overseen by IOSCO Signatory A regulators; other products would be for institutions only. Comments closed on 30 September 2026.

      Read the original
    • SEC prepares to permit digital asset business operators to engage in derivatives-related businesses to support the inclusion of digital assets as underlying assetsConsultationSecurities and Exchange Commission, Thailand (SEC) · 20 Apr 2026

      After digital assets were designated as derivatives underlyings (Notification Kor Thor. 2/2569 of 5 March 2026), proposes letting licensed crypto operators apply for derivatives licences without forming new entities. Comments closed on 20 May 2026.

      Read the original
    Thailand's full rulebook

South Asia

  • Pakistan1 source
    • Pakistan Virtual Asset Services Activity Specific Regulations, 2026 (S.R.O. 1420(I)/2026)In forcePakistan Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (PVARA) · 21 Aug 2026

      Activity-by-activity rules for exchanges, brokers, custodians, lenders, asset managers, derivatives providers and issuers, including limits on margin and leveraged products.

      Read the original
    Pakistan's full rulebook

Middle East

  • Qatar1 source
    • Investment Token Rules 2024 (TOKN)In forceQatar Financial Centre Regulatory Authority (QFCRA) · 1 Sep 2024

      Treats tokens representing securities, derivatives or Islamic financial contracts as the underlying investment, and makes operating an investment token exchange and clearing token trades regulated activities.

      Read the original
    Qatar's full rulebook
  • UAE2 sources
    • Exchange Services RulebookIn forceVirtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) · 31 Mar 2026

      Rules for licensed exchanges on board governance, public disclosures, trading-venue participants, market surveillance, settlement and margin trading. The version effective 31 March 2026 adds a regime for exchange-traded derivatives, with leverage for retail investors capped at 5:1.

      Read the original
    • VARA Issues Updated Activity Rulebooks to Strengthen Market Integrity and Risk OversightGuidanceVirtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) · 19 May 2025

      Announces version 2.0 of the seven activity rulebooks and the issuance rulebook, strengthening margin trading and token distribution controls and clarifying collateral wallet arrangements, with compliance required by 19 June 2025.

      Read the original
    UAE's full rulebook

Oceania

  • Australia3 sources
    • ASIC successful in High Court Block Earner appeal (26-124MR)GuidanceAustralian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) · 17 Jun 2026

      The High Court ruled 7-0 that Block Earner's fixed-yield Earner product was a financial product and a derivative, confirming that the financial product definition is broad and technology neutral.

      Read the original
    • Binance Australia Derivatives ordered to pay $10 million penalty (26-055MR)GuidanceAustralian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) · 27 Mar 2026

      Oztures Trading misclassified 524 retail investors as wholesale clients, exposing them to crypto derivatives without retail protections.

      Read the original
    • Kraken crypto exchange operator to pay $8 million following ASIC enforcement action (24-274MR)GuidanceAustralian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) · 12 Dec 2024

      Bit Trade offered a margin extension credit product to over 1,100 customers without a target market determination. It was ASIC's first penalty for breaching design and distribution obligations.

      Read the original
    Australia's full rulebook

Offshore hubs

  • Bermuda1 source
    • Guidance Note: Digital Asset Business, Guidance for Prospective Applicants for LicensingGuidanceBermuda Monetary Authority (BMA) · Sep 2025

      Sets out what the BMA expects in a DABA licence application, from the legal vehicle, head office and staffing to outsourcing, insurance, capital and custody. It names SAC, ISAC and trust structures as bankruptcy-remote options firms have used.

      Read the original
    Bermuda's full rulebook
  • British Virgin Islands1 source
    • Guidance on Regulation of Virtual Assets in the Virgin Islands (BVI)GuidanceFinancial Services Commission (FSC) · 10 Jul 2020

      Explains when tokens are investments under SIBA, such as fund interests, shares, debt or derivatives, and when pure utility and payment tokens fall outside financial services law. It predates the VASP Act.

      Read the original
    British Virgin Islands's full rulebook

No dedicated rule found yet in 18 markets: