Bank capital and exposure limits.

Told major banks and Alipay to screen out and cut off payment channels for crypto trading, a ban now codified for all financial institutions in Notice No. 42.

Tells banks how they may deal in, advise on and manage portfolios holding licensed stablecoins, issued alongside matching SFC guidance.

Implements the Basel cryptoasset standard for banks from 1 January 2026, classifying holdings into groups that drive capital charges.

Phase 1 guidelines letting audited non-profits liquidate donated crypto and exchanges sell top-20 assets to cover costs through real-name accounts.

Roadmap to end the informal 2017 ban on corporate bank accounts for crypto, starting with non-profits and exchanges, then listed companies and professional investors.

Lets financial institutions apply from 1 January 2025 to pilot virtual asset custody; four had applied by April 2025.

States that virtual currency is not legal tender under the Currency Law (UU 7/2011) and bars payment system operators from processing it. The payment ban still stands.

Sets out BNM's exploratory stance and a three-year roadmap from proofs of concept to pilots for tokenised financial services. Feedback closed on 1 March 2026; BNM has not yet issued a policy in response.

Proposes letting banks give some cryptoassets on permissionless blockchains the more favourable Group 1 capital treatment if risks are mitigated. Comments closed on 18 May 2026; MAS had not published its response by October 2026.

Concludes the March 2025 consultation on Basel cryptoasset capital rules for banks under Notice 637, deferring them to 1 January 2027 or later. Until then, banks must notify MAS of crypto exposures and apply broadly the consulted treatment.

Caps banks' and banking groups' investment in digital asset businesses at 3 percent of capital and requires BOT approval for most crypto activities within the group.

The BOT directional paper explaining why banks may take part in digital asset businesses only through ring-fenced subsidiaries with capital deductions.

Barred credit institutions and payment providers from offering payment, card or credit services for virtual currency deals. It still underpins banks' distance from crypto.

Ordered the State Bank to stop banks and payment intermediaries handling illegal virtual currency transactions, and asked ministries to draft a legal framework.

Allows crypto mining and exchanges only for GMC-registered entities under GMC's regulatory framework, and keeps crypto on-ramping through RMA-regulated domestic banks restricted.

Confirmed the 2018 circular is no longer valid after IAMAI v RBI. Banks may serve crypto clients but must apply normal KYC, AML and FEMA due diligence.

Barred RBI-regulated entities from dealing in or servicing virtual currencies. The Supreme Court set it aside on 4 March 2020.

Replaces the 2018 ban and lets banks open accounts for PVARA-licensed VASPs and their customers, with segregated, non-remunerative rupee client money accounts, while banks themselves may not invest in or hold crypto.

Barred banks, DFIs, microfinance banks and payment firms from processing, holding or facilitating virtual currencies and ICO tokens. Replaced by BPRD Circular Letter No. 10 of 2026.

States that up to USD 350 million of the NBK's alternative portfolio will be invested in the National Strategic Cryptoreserve and that banks may now build DFA platforms and issue digital instruments.

Launched bank payment cards linked to wallets at AIFC-licensed crypto exchanges, and announced 2025 pilots on stablecoins and tokenisation.

Crypto sandbox pilots: the Token.uz blockchain platform and Heemera's crypto-recovery service remain; the Kapitalbank and Octobank crypto card pilots ended in 2024 and August 2026.

Sets paid-up capital by licence tier: BD 25,000 for Category 1, BD 100,000 for Category 2, BD 200,000 for Category 3 and BD 300,000 for Category 4 exchange operators.

Would stop banks refusing all crypto-sourced funds, replace the automatic NIS 100,000 source-of-funds check with a risk-based test and treat licensed providers as a mitigating factor. Comments closed on 4 August 2026; not yet final as of 5 October 2026.

The banking AML directive; section 87A, added on 9 May 2022, sets how banks handle payment services linked to customers' virtual currency activity. The current version (No. 29, Hebrew) was issued on 30 April 2026.

Tells banks, exchange houses and payment firms to identify customers' exposure to virtual assets and apply enhanced due diligence where risk is higher, guided by FATF standards.

Bans the direct or indirect use of crypto assets to pay for goods and services and bars payment and e-money institutions from routing funds to crypto platforms. In force 30 April 2021.

Sets APRA's expectations for banks, insurers and super funds engaging with crypto-assets, and a roadmap toward Basel-aligned prudential rules.